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x448

ECDHE | Security: ~224 bits | Code: 30

Group Details

Group Name
x448
Group Code (Decimal)
30
Group Code (Hex)
0x001E
Type
ECDHE
Security Level
~224 bits

What is x448?

X448 (Curve448 or Goldilocks) is a high-security elliptic curve providing approximately 224-bit security, designed as a companion to X25519. Like X25519, it was created by cryptographers independent of NIST with a focus on security and side-channel resistance. X448 is significantly slower than X25519 but faster than secp384r1 at comparable security levels. It is defined in RFC 7748 and was added to TLS 1.3. However, X448 has limited adoption compared to X25519, as most applications do not require 224-bit security. Browser support exists but is rarely used in practice.

Role in JA3 Fingerprinting

The x448 group is used for ECDHE key exchange in TLS, providing perfect forward secrecy. Different browsers and HTTP clients advertise different supported groups, making this a key component of JA3 fingerprints.

Fingerprinting Impact: The order and selection of supported groups reveals browser type, version, and security preferences.

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Technical References